Nanotechnology Platform Could Improve Stem Cell Transplantation?





Stem cells can grow into many non-identical kinds of cells, including neurons that transmit information within the brain. Adult human-induced pluripotent stem cells, which resemble embryonic stem cells, are often used to develop drugs and model diseases. While stem cells hold great potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system injuries, controlling and characterizing their fate are critical issues that need to be addressed before their potential use as treatments is often fully realized. Current methods for characterizing stem cell biomarkers destroy cellular activities and functions, which makes it difficult to conduct more definitive research that might cause biomedical applications.

Using their nanotechnology platform, the scientists successfully monitored the generation of neurons from human stem cells by characterizing next-generation biomarkers called exosomes—tiny particles released by cells that play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication. The scientists will further investigate their technology's versatility in other applications, like detecting neurons in clinical settings.

The nanotechnology platform, which uses special tiny rods for sensing, allows researchers to verify the identity of human stem cell fates and their biomarkers, or biological molecules, without destroying them, according to a study within the journal ACS Nano. That's been a significant issue during pre-clinical research on stem cells because it limits further analyses and biomedical applications. "One of the most hurdles within the present cell-based therapies is that the destructive nature of the standard cell characterization step. With our technology, we'll sensitively and accurately characterize the cells without compromising their viabilities,"

Controlling and characterizing stem cells could also be a critical issue to affect before transplantation medicine is often fully developed. Current methods destroy cellular activities and functions, making it difficult to conduct more definitive research that might cause biomedical applications.

The new nanotechnology the researchers developed could also be a multifunctional magneto-plasmonic nanorod (NR)-based detection platform. The team was able to successfully monitor the generation of neurons from human stem cells by characterizing next-generation biomarkers called exosomes. These cells play a critical role in cellular communication. The authors said their “multifunctional magneto-plasmonic NR-based exosomal miRNA detection platform features an excellent potential to research the function of cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulators for controlling vegetative cell differentiation.”

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